When working with fiber, keep in mind that particles not visible to the naked eye could cause tremendous problems when working with fiber optics. Optical fiber is used as a medium for telecommunication and computer networking because it is flexible and can be bundled as cables. Cable splices are a necessary evil in designing and installing a communications network, particularly in an industrial setting, so lets take a look at safe fiber optic splicing techniques. The fiber school is one of the largest, most diverse fiber optic training programs in the usa with over 70 courses in more than a dozen countries around the world. Optical fiber wave guides introduction, ray theory transmission, total internal reflection, acceptance angle, numerical aperture, skew rays. However, splicing loss of single mode optical fiber was more than 0. Pdf the analysis of fusion splice technique on single. Measurements are made by means of special measuring devices including optical timedomain reflectometry otdr. Overview of optical fiber communication historical development, the general system, advantages of optical fiber communications.
Fusion splicing welds fibers together in an electrical arc. Purpose of this tutorial why talk about optical networking. There exist basically three techniques for splicing the optical fibers. We solved various technical issues and proceeded to release a multimode optical fiber fusion splicer in. Protect the fiber the completed mechanical splice provides its own protection for the splice. Lets look at some of the problems you may encounter and the products and techniques that can help you with your fiber optic installations. It provides a toolbox of general strategies and specific techniques that the reader can apply when optimizing fusion splices between novel. Protection from fiber scraps small scraps of bare fiber produced as part of the termination and splicing process must be. Splicing good splice requirements fiber cleaving mechanical and fusion splicing polyimide coating strippers 4ribbon splicing technology pigtail splicing splice protection. Installation methods for both wire cables and optical fiber cables are similar. Fibre optic splicing an overview or tutorial covering fibre optic splicing fiber optic splicing the way in which it is done and why it is used instead of fibre optic connectors. A geospatially enabled fiber management system the solution to these problems is an information system that integrates both the design and asset management processes required for the fiber network.
Opgw fibers to all dielectric self supporting adss fiber optic cable, g. It represents the knowledge gained from over 25 years experience in fiber. Fibers positioned in grooves in glass filled plastic substrate. These technical and highly soughtafter skills in the fiber optics industry are taught. This paper examines the application of a new ultradensity fiber optic cable technology for fiber tothehome ftth, fiber tothecurb fttc and other optical fiber access technology fttx applications. A good splice should have an attenuation of less than 0. These technical and highly soughtafter skills in the fiber optics industry are taught using a handson approach. This method heats the fiber with multiple short arcs and measures the amount of meltback at the. Tutorials of fiber optic products here you can find the. State of the art fiber optics technology and installation practices how to apply practical techniques in jointing, splicing and testing fiber optic systems the correct procedures for cable installation and termination how to design and install your own fully operational fiber optics system new approaches to troubleshooting. This book is an uptodate treatment of optical fiber fusion splicing incorporating all the recent innovations in the field. Knowledge of fiber optic splicing methods is vital to any company or fiber optic technician involved in telecommunications or lan and networking projects. Classification of techniques used for optical fiber connection splicing.
Everything you always wanted to know about optical networking but were afraid to ask 1 richard a steenbergen nanog 57 february 20. Instrumentsmachines optical fiber splicing preparation. Before the advent of fiber optic mechanical splice technology, this material was used as an optical couplant in cameras and scintillators. Fiber splicing is frequently used to establish longhaul optical. During the course of this project, electronicast studied 29companies involved in producing andor selling optical fiber optic cleavers or strippers. This skills course assumes you have knowledge of fiber optic splicing. Cfo 301 standard for installing and testing fiber optics management, security or fire alarm systems, or any other communications link. All splicing techniques involve installing an enclosure that protects the splice. The purpose of this article is to provide the nontechnical reader with an overview of. The core of the fiber physically transports most of the optical power. The most common application for splicing is concatenating joining cables in long outside plant cable runs where the length of the run requires more than one cable. Fibre optic splicing fiber splicing electronics notes. The optical attenuation in sapphire fibers was examined.
Introduction the demand for fiber optic network infrastructure continues to grow as organizations position themselves and their communities for future growth. The vertical height of the splice offset is equal to the optical attenuation of the splice. A polymeric compound, usually an epoxy, used to secure the optical fiber in a splice assembly or connector. New ultradensity fiber cable technology for fttx and access. For better fiber optic splicing, besides the above splicing steps, highquality fiber optic splicing tools are also essential, such as fusion splicers, fiber optic cleavers, etc. Attenuation splice function intentional high splice loss of 0. Thoroughly and frequently clean your splicing tools. The foa reference for fiber optics outside plant fiber. Fiber optic communication fiber optic links are the communications pathways between devices. Howto install a optical fiber splice on connector with any fusion splicer. This fiber optic basic training guide has been designed to get you. Jul 15, 2011 how to splice fiber optic cable manually without using electronic splicing machine five now. Lets start by illustrating various methodologies for optical fiber termination. A single optical fibre can carry really huge numbers of telephone conversations, long distance calls that used to be very expensive have become cheap enough for many people to make them often.
One can transmit at a wavelength in which glass has a fairly constant index of refraction 0 nm, use an. Optical loss may increase with some cable constructions incorporating metallic elements due to the generation of hydrogen when water is present in the cable structure. Fibre communication basics optical fibre connectors splicing optical transmitter optical receiver rather than using optical fibre connectors, it is possible to splice two optical fibres together. Oct 29, 2016 needless to say, fiber cable termination and splicing is a rather vital part of the whole cable installation process. When using an optical tracer or continuity checker, look at the fiber from an angle at least 12 inches away from the eye to determine if the visible light is present. In mechanical splicing the broken fiber edges are aligned and are locked in position with the help of various positioning devices and optical cement. Furthermore, we released a core alignment fusion splicer capable of splicing single mode fibers that have large core offset with low splicing loss in 1985.
The reflectance of a reflective connection is proportional to the height of the spike of its otdr fiber trace. In this paper, we present the analysis of the parameters that related to fusion splicing loss of smf28 and mp980 optical fiber such as axial misalignment d and angular misalignment. We also investigated 40us patents directly related to fiber optic cleavers or strippers. Backscattering the scattering of light in a fiber back toward the source,used to. Arc power calibration for fusion splicing optical fibers with variety diameters wenxin zheng and bryan malinsky abstract a novel arc calibration method has been developed for fusion splicing optical fibers with a large variety of glass diameters.
This document provides instructions for the fiber cable technician to properly pe rform fiber cable preparations, routings, splicing, terminations and connections within the. Fiber optic splicing guide optical fiber equipment scribd. Fiber optic splicing guide free download as word doc. It is especially advantageous for longdistance communications, because infrared light propagates through the fiber with much lower attenuation compared to electrical cables. In addition to telecommunication companies, utilities and transportation agencies realize the benefits of installing a fiber network. Nov 24, 2015 fusion splicing is invested for long haul singlemode networks, while mechanical splicing is used for shorter local cable runs. Direct mass splicing of 12 fiber ribbons with simultaneous end preparation using ribbon grinding and polishing procedures. Optical fibers are joined either by fusionmechanical splice, which is a permanent joint, or by connectors, which can be disengaged repeatedly. Automated alignment and splicing for multicore fibers.
Pdf the design and performance of various optical fiber cable. Installation methods for both wire and optical fiber. The goal is to fuse the two fibers together in such a way that light passing through the fibers is not scattered or reflected back by the splice, and so that the splice and the region surrounding it are almost as strong as the intact fiber. The most successful of these techniques, interior capillarytube splicing, produced robust splices with an. Installing and testing fiber optics the fiber optic association. Jul 12, 20 knowledge of fiber optic splicingmethods is vital to any company or fiber optic technician involved in telecommunications or lan and networking projects. Jun 15, 2015 the two most common methods of fiber optic splicing are mechanical and fusion. Fiber cable preparation, splicing, and termination. How to splice fiber optic cable manually without using. A guide to fiber optic splicing fiber optic components. Pdf the analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode. Basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk fiber optics, which is the science of light transmission through very fine glass or plastic fibers, continues to be used in more and more applications due to its inherent advantages over copper conductors. Optical communication pdf notes oc pdf notes smartzworld.
The first generation of img was marketed as a grease like optical coupling compound under the brand name general electric silicone compound 688 or g688 6. The new ultradensity fiber optic cable technology, called wrapping tube cable wtc. Vacuum technique to hold fibers at position whilst cover plate is applied. In premises applications, fiber optic cables can be used as the backbone cabling in a standard structured cabling network, connecting network hardware in the computer roommain cross connect. Tensile strength is 30% of uncoated fiber which is low. It provides a toolbox of general strategies and specific techniques that the reader can. Identification of materials, accessories and different types of fiber optic cables. Arc power calibration for fusion splicing optical fibers with. The fiber protection sleeve is used to protect optical fibers exposed at the splice. This fiber optic basic training guide has been designed to get you started and keep you up to date. Fusion splicing requires a special machine to weld the optical fibers together via an. In the fusion splicing, the two fibers are thermally joined together. A link is bidirectional, usually with signals transmitted in two directions on two different fibers. Fiber cable preparation, splicing, and termination instructions.
The center most silica strand is the cone of the fiber with a refractive index1 of approximately 1. What is fiber optic splicing the basic fusion splicing apparatus consists of two fixtures on which the fibers are mounted and two electrodes. Fibre splicing a permanent joint formed between two individual optical. Everything you always wanted to know about optical. The fiber school was established by the president of the fiber optic marketplace, llc christopher labonge. Magnification 295x for single x or y view, or 147x for x and y view. Mechanical splicing uses a small alignment device and index matching gel. Fibers are terminated in connectors that hold the fiber end precisely and securely. A fiber optic connector is basically a rigid cylindrical barrel surrounded by a sleeve that holds the barrel in its mating socket. Polishing instructions for single fiber and mt polishing. Finished fiber optic splices are housed in splice boxes.
It represents the knowledge gained from over 25 years experience in fiber optics back to when it started but brought up to date to include the latest innovations. Part of utels knowledge base series of videos about fiber optics, this guide provides a thorough introduction to fusion and mechanical splicing as well as a demonstration of fusion splicing. A number of techniques for making sapphiresilica fiber splices were attempted, with an effort toward optimizing injection conditions in the sapphire fiber. Use the index to your left to find the specific topics you are. This problem came from not only an unstable heating source and poor cleave surface of fiber ends, but also large core offset from the fiber center. An fiber microscope assists in the placement of the prepared fiber ends into a fusion splicing apparatus. In addition, fiber optic splicing is also used to restore fiber optic cables when a buried cable is accidentally severed. Attenuation was found to depend heavily on injection conditions.
The fiber school fiber optic training and certifcation. Apr 12, 2011 a closeup look at the proper procedure to perform a fusion splice. This trainee manual is based on optical fibre splicer qualification. Crucial aspect of fiber joints concerning optical losses associated with the connection 1. Fiber mechanical splicing insertion loss fiber optical system to test or to build up an entire mcf system, designers must find an easy and reliable way of fusion splicing mcf to mcf and mcf to smf traditional single core singlemode fiber. Cable splicing fusion splicing overview fusion splicers use a high voltage electric arc do not use the splicer where explosive gasses are present never view a fiber end without first determining there is no active laser or led after removing the coating from an optical fiber the exposed glass is sharp and can puncture the skin. Fresnel reflection optical loss encountered at the interfaces even when two fiber ends are smooth, perpendicular to fiber axes and perfectly aligned a small proportion of light may be reflected back into transmitting fiber causing attenuation at the joint. Fiber optic center is the industry leader in cost effective, high performance polishing processes for volume assembly production. These technical and highly soughtafter skills in the fiber optics industry are taught using a. Fiber optic splicing tools precision fiber products. Structure of optical fiber the optical fiber is made up of two concentric cylindrical strands of silica surrounded by a plastic coating. The core of the fiber physically transports most of the optical.
Tweet in a perfect world, a fiber optic installation would consist of long, continuous cable runs from one destination to another. There are two optical fiber splicing methods which are available for permanent joining of two optical fibers. Pdf on oct 16, 2017, norazlina ahmad and others published the analysis of fusion splice technique on single mode fiber optic find. Improving fiber optic connection and splicing techniques. Route the buffer tube up through the bottom of basket, attach it to the baskets inside wall with a cable tie, and loop it two times. This report provides a thorough presentation of the different instrumentmachine types and techniques currently used to perform all the steps required to prepare optical fibers before splicing. This article will offer you a reference guide to delivery smooth and efficient fiber splicing and termination. Tracetek displays its measurement data in a graphical format similar to that of. A cleave in an optical fiber is a deliberate, controlled break, intended to create a. Achieving consistent results that meet the demanding technical specifications for high speed high data rate systems requires the optimization of many factors throughout the termination and testing process. Ideal fiber optic basic training guide lasertec, center for. It provides a toolbox of general strategies and specific techniques that the reader can apply when optimizing fusion splices between novel fibers.
The industrial fiber optics fiber optic connector and splicing module contains three learning activities that cover the basics of attaching connectors and splices to fiber optic cables. The key learning outcomes and the skills gained by the participant are defined in their. Fiber splicing is a complex operation and requires the careful control of a number of variables in order to arrive at a satisfactory result. Workmanship standard for fiber optic terminations, cable. Ideal fiber optic basic training guide interested in learning about fiber optics. A number of mechanical techniques for splicing individual optical fibers have been developed namely. Mass fusion splicing or ribbon splicing uses fusion splicing techniques on a dozen fibers or more at one time. Setting splice specifications for singlemode fiber cables. The industrial fiber optics fiber optic connector and splicing module contains three learning. In mechanical splicing, the optical fiber cores are aligned and then joined within a precision, sleevelike assembly to allow the optical light to pass from one fiber to the other. Reproduction of these documents either in hard copy or soft including posting on the web is prohibited. These splicers made it possible to deploy optical fiber. Storage of splice result the last 2000 results to be stored in the internal memory.
Each fusion splice in the fiber link will appear as small steps in the linear down slope of the fiber trace see figure 4. The axial movement of an optical fiber within a connector or connector ferrule. Fiber optic splicing archives tutorials of fiber optic products. Attenuation the opticalloss of fiber per unit coefficient length,expressed in dbkm. Splicing any fiber by making use of the fusion technique provides a permanent longlasting contact between the two fibers. An fibre optic splice is defined by the fact that it gives a permanent or relatively permanent connection between two fibre optic cables. Want to see whats the latest in technology, components and applications. Ask the group to discuss and fill the format using the blank sheet. Field test procedure for optical fiber link measurements.
Using two fibers is usually the cheapest way, since the optical fiber itself is now about as cheap as kite string and fishing line. Classification of techniques used for optical fiber. This manual will guide instructors and students through the three separate activities. Fusion splicing is the act of joining two optical fibers endtoend. Splicing can be used to mix a number of different types of cables such as connecting a 48 fiber cable to six 8 fiber cables going to various locations. A method of illuminating the fiber endface by launching incoherent light into the optical fiber core through the opposite end of the fiber.
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